TeX and Troff (ms) are both text markup languages with distinct approaches to document formatting. TeX uses a declarative, mathematically-precise typesetting system developed by Donald Knuth, while Troff employs macro-based formatting primarily used in Unix manual pages. The primary technical differences lie in their markup syntax, rendering engines, and intended document types.

Users convert from TeX to Troff (ms) to migrate academic and scientific documents between different typesetting systems, ensure compatibility with Unix-based publishing platforms, and preserve document structure while adapting to different formatting requirements. The conversion allows researchers and academics to repurpose their documents for various publishing environments.

Common conversion scenarios include preparing academic research papers for Unix-based publication systems, migrating scientific documents between different academic institutions, and archiving legacy research materials in a universally readable format. Researchers working with complex mathematical notation often need to translate documents between these formats.

The conversion from TeX to Troff (ms) typically maintains most document structural elements, but may experience some challenges with complex mathematical equations and specialized formatting. While basic text and simple formatting transfer relatively seamlessly, intricate LaTeX constructs might require manual post-conversion refinement.

Troff (ms) documents are generally slightly smaller than equivalent TeX files, with potential file size reductions of 5-15% due to more compact macro definitions and simplified markup. The actual size variation depends on the document's complexity and specific formatting requirements.

Significant conversion limitations include potential loss of complex mathematical notation, challenges with custom LaTeX packages, and potential formatting discrepancies in highly specialized academic documents. Some advanced TeX features might not have direct equivalents in Troff (ms) macros.

Conversion is not recommended when documents contain extremely complex mathematical equations, rely on specialized LaTeX packages, or require precise typographical control. Documents with extensive custom formatting or embedded programming might lose critical information during translation.

Alternative approaches include using intermediate formats like PDF or HTML, maintaining multiple document versions, or using specialized conversion tools that preserve more nuanced formatting. Some users might prefer keeping the original TeX version and generating multiple output formats.