BMP (Bitmap Image File) is an uncompressed raster image format developed by Microsoft, storing pixel data in a grid-like structure. Each pixel is represented by color information, with support for various color depths from 1-bit monochrome to 32-bit true color with alpha channel. The format includes a comprehensive file header containing metadata about image dimensions, color palette, and compression method.
Advantages include simple structure, wide compatibility with Windows systems, lossless quality, direct pixel mapping, and support for multiple color depths. BMP allows precise color representation and is easily readable by most image processing libraries and graphics software.
Major drawbacks include large file sizes due to lack of compression, limited cross-platform support, inefficient storage compared to modern formats like PNG or JPEG, and slower loading times for complex images. Not recommended for web graphics or storage-constrained environments.
BMP is commonly used in Windows operating systems for basic image storage and display. Typical applications include desktop wallpapers, simple graphics in software interfaces, screenshots, and scenarios requiring lossless image preservation. Graphics designers and developers often use BMP for temporary image processing or when maintaining exact pixel representation is crucial.